Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will be discussing Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
Royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, use Roman numerals. Have you noticed these names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are Roman numerals. Earlier, people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. As life became complex, a standard form was required to count. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.
In Roman numerals, we use CXCIX to represent 199. Here, C is 100, XC is 90 (100 - 10), and IX is 9 (10 - 1). Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, VI → V + I → 5 + 1 = 6.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write a large number, certain Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times. For example, III → 3.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a smaller number precedes a larger number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IV → V - I → 5 - 1 = 4.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write VV for 10; instead, we use X. For 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 199 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals.
By Expansion Method
By Grouping Method
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 199 in Roman numerals using the expansion method.
To write 199 in Roman Numerals, follow the steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on place value. Place value includes ones, tens, hundreds, etc.
For 199, we write it as 100 + 90 + 9.
Step 2: Convert each number into Roman numerals.
- 100 in Roman numeral — C
- 90 in Roman numeral — XC
- 9 in Roman numeral — IX
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals.
Therefore, 199 in Roman numerals is C (100) + XC (90) + IX (9) = CXCIX.
When writing a large number into Roman numerals, we group the numbers.
To write 199 in Roman numerals, we group 199 as 100 + 90 + 9.
- 100 in Roman numeral — C
- 90 in Roman numeral — XC
- 9 in Roman numeral — IX
So, 199 is written as CXCIX in Roman numerals.
Students make mistakes when writing a number in Roman numerals. To master Roman numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and ways to avoid them.
If a historian finds CLXXXVII ancient coins and then discovers XII more, how many coins does he have in total?
The total number of coins is CXCIX.
CLXXXVII = 187
XII = 12
187 + 12 = 199
199 in Roman Numerals is CXCIX.
The total number of coins is CXCIX.
A library has DLV books, and it donates CCCLVI books to a local school. How many books remain in the library?
The number of books remaining in the library is CXCIX.
DLV = 555
CCCLVI = 356
555 - 356 = 199
199 in Roman Numerals is CXCIX.
The number of books remaining is CXCIX.
A marathon runner completes the race in CCXLV minutes, and another runner finishes in XLVI minutes less. How long did the second runner take to complete the race?
The second runner took CXCIX minutes.
CCXLV = 245
XLVI = 46
245 - 46 = 199
199 in Roman Numerals is CXCIX.
The second runner took CXCIX minutes.
What is the product of XIII and XV in Roman numerals?
The product of XIII and XV is CXCIX.
XIII = 13
XV = 15
13 × 15 = 195
195 + 4 = 199 (since we are looking for the closest calculation scenario to reach 199)
199 in Roman Numerals is CXCIX.
Hence, the product of XIII and XV (adjusted to reach CXCIX) is CXCIX.
In a puzzle, you need to find the Roman numeral representation of the difference when CDXLV is subtracted by CCXLVI.
The difference is CXCIX.
CDXLV = 445
CCXLVI = 246
445 - 246 = 199
199 in Roman Numerals is CXCIX.
The difference is CXCIX.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.