CMXXIII Roman Numerals

Ancient Romans discovered that counting fingers could get very complicated after 10. So to overcome the complexity, the Roman numeric system was developed. This was widely used throughout Europe as a standard writing system until the late Middle Ages.

Seven symbols are used to represent numbers in the Roman numeric system — I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The numerals are made up of different combinations of these symbols. CMXXIII in Roman numerals can be written in number form by adding and subtracting the values of each Roman numeral, i.e., CMXXIII = 923.

Let us learn more about the Roman numeral CMXXIII, how we write it, the mistakes we usually make, and ways to avoid these mistakes.

When writing Roman numerals, there are a few rules that we need to follow based on the numerals we are trying to write. In this section, we will learn about the rules when writing Roman numerals and how to represent them.

Rule 1: Addition Method:

When a larger symbol is followed by a smaller symbol, we add the numerals to each other. For example, in VIII, we have 5 + 3 = 8.

Rule 2: Repetition Method:

A symbol that is repeated up to three times in continuation increases the value of the numeral. For example, XXX = 30.

Rule 3: Subtraction Method:

We use the subtraction method when a smaller symbol precedes a larger symbol. For example, XL = 40 (which is 50 – 10).

Rule 4: Limitation Rule:

Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols, such as V, L, and D, cannot be repeated more than once. For example, 10 is represented as X and not VV.

Let us learn about how to write CMXXIII in Roman numerals. There are two methods that we can use to write Roman numerals:

• By Expansion Method
• By Grouping Method

The breaking down of Roman numerals into parts and then converting them into numerals is what we call the expansion method. The expansion method involves breaking down Roman numerals into numerical form and adding or subtracting them to get the final number.

Step 1: Break the Roman numerals into parts.

Step 2: Now write each of the Roman numerals with its numerical digit in the place value.

Step 3: Add or subtract the numerals accordingly.

For CMXXIII,

Step 1: First we break the Roman numerals. CMXXIII = C + M + X + X + I + I + I

Step 2: Write the Roman Numerals for each part

The Roman Numeral C is 100

The Roman Numeral M is 1000

The Roman Numeral X is 10

The Roman Numeral I is 1

Step 3: Combine all the numbers with subtraction where necessary CM = 1000 - 100 = 900 XX = 20 III = 3 Total = 900 + 20 + 3 = 923. Therefore, the Roman Numeral CMXXIII is 923.

Using subtraction and addition rules, we will apply the grouping method. This means we break the Roman numerals into smaller groups, which makes it easier to work with. This method groups the Roman numerals logically, and then we write the numbers for each group.

Step 1: Take the largest number and write the number for that Roman numeral.

Step 2: Write the Roman numeral using the subtraction and addition rules.

Example: Let’s take the Roman numeral CMXXIII.

Step 1: The larger Roman numerals are what we will begin with. Once split, the Roman numerals we get are CM, XX, and III. The numeral for CM is 900

Step 2: Now we need to either add or subtract the smaller numbers, depending on their place.

Here we add XX and III to CM, and we will get CMXXIII. The numeral for XX is 20 The numeral for III is 3 Therefore, the numeral of CMXXIII is 923.

We follow a pattern when it comes to writing Roman numerals. In this section, we will write some numbers related to the Roman numeral CMXXIII:

• Subtraction Method: A method where a smaller numeral before a larger one indicates subtraction. For example, CM = 900.

• Place Value: The position of a digit in a number determines its value. For example, the number 9 in 923 is in the hundreds place.

• Addition Method: A method where a smaller numeral after a larger one indicates addition. For example, XX = 20.

• Non-repetition Symbols: Symbols like V, L, and D that cannot be repeated. For example, 50 is L, not LL.

• Roman Numerals: A numeral system originating in ancient Rome using symbols like I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.