Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will be discussing Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
Royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are the Roman numerals. Earlier, people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. When life became complex, a standard form was required to count.
Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count. In Roman numerals, we use DCXCI to represent 691. Here, D is 500, C is 100, X is 10, and I is 1.
Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, XI → X + I → 10 + 1 = 11.
To write a large number, there are certain Roman numerals that can be repeated up to three times. For example, III → 3.
If a small number is followed by a large number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write VV for 10; instead, we use X, and for 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 691 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals.
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 691 in Roman numerals using the expansion method. To write 691 in Roman numerals, follow the steps:
Step 1: The number is broken based on the place value: hundreds, tens, and ones. For 691, we write it as 600 + 90 + 1.
Step 2: Converting the number into Roman numerals:
Step 3: Combining the Roman numerals together. Therefore, 691 in Roman numerals is DC (600) + XC (90) + I (1) = DCXCI.
When writing a large number in Roman numerals, we group the number. To write 691 in Roman numerals, we group 691 as 600 + 90 + 1.
So, 691 is written as DCXCI in Roman numerals.
Students make mistakes when writing a number in Roman numerals. To master Roman numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and the ways to avoid them.
Calculate the sum of DCLX and XXXI.
The sum of DCLX and XXXI is DCCXCI
In Roman numerals, DCLX is 660 and XXXI is 31.
The sum of these numbers is 660 + 31 = 691.
Therefore, 691 in Roman numerals is DCCXCI.
A historian found DCCXCI ancient coins and wants to distribute them evenly among VII museums. How many coins will each museum receive?
Each museum will receive XCIX coins.
To find the number of coins each museum receives, divide the total number of coins by the number of museums: DCCXCI / VII.
DCCXCI is 691, and VII is 7.
Therefore, 691 ÷ 7 = 99.
99 in Roman numerals is XCIX.
If you subtract CCCXCV from DCLXXXVI, what is the result?
The result of subtracting CCCXCV from DCLXXXVI is CCXCI.
DCLXXXVI is 686 and CCCXCV is 395.
Subtracting these gives 686 - 395 = 291.
291 in Roman numerals is CCXCI.
Express the product of XXIII and XXX in Roman numerals.
The product of XXIII and XXX is DCXC.
XXIII is 23 and XXX is 30.
The product of these numbers is 23 × 30 = 690.
690 in Roman numerals is DCXC.
What is the Roman numeral representation for the sum of 500, 100, 50, 30, and 11?
The Roman numeral representation is DCCXCI.
First, convert the numbers to Roman numerals:
500 is D, 100 is C, 50 is L, 30 is XXX, and 11 is XI.
Add the numbers together: 500 + 100 + 50 + 30 + 11 = 691.
Therefore, the Roman numeral representation is DCCXCI.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.