Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will discuss Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
The royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, use Roman numerals. Have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are the Roman numerals.
Earlier people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. As life became complex, a standard form was required to count. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.
In Roman numerals, we use CLXXXIX to represent 189. Here, C is 100, L is 50, XXX is 30, and IX is 9. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, CLXXX → C + L + XXX → 100 + 50 + 30 = 180.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write a large number, there are certain Roman numerals that can be repeated three times. XXX → 30.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a small number is followed by a larger number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write LL for 100; instead, we use C.
Let’s now learn how to write 189 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals.
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 189 in Roman numerals using the expansion method.
To write 189 in Roman numerals, follow the steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on the place value. Place values are ones, tens, hundreds, etc.
For 189, we write it as 100 + 80 + 9.
Step 2: Converting the number into Roman numerals:
- 100 in Roman Numeral — C
- 80 in Roman Numeral — LXXX
- 9 in Roman Numeral — IX
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals together.
Therefore, 189 in Roman numerals is C (100) + LXXX (80) + IX (9) = CLXXXIX.
Students make mistakes when writing a number in Roman numerals. To master Roman numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and the ways to avoid them.
Find the product of IX and XXI.
The product of IX and XXI is CLXXXIX.
In Roman numerals, IX is 9 and XXI is 21. The product of IX and XXI is 9 × 21 = 189. 189 in Roman Numerals can be written as CLXXXIX.
A historian discovered CCCLXXVIII ancient coins divided equally among II archeological sites. Determine how many coins each site receives.
Each site receives CLXXXIX coins.
To find the number of coins per site, divide the total number of coins by the total number of sites.
CCCLXXVIII = 378
II = 2
Therefore, CCCLXXVIII / II = 378 / 2 = 189.
189 in Roman numerals can be written as CLXXXIX
Find the sum of CL and XXXIX.
The sum of CL and XXXIX is CLXXXIX.
Sum is the result of adding two numbers.
CL = 150
XXXIX = 39
150 + 39 = 189
189 in Roman Numerals is CLXXXIX.
The sum of CL and XXXIX is CLXXXIX.
What is the difference between CCX and XXI?
The difference between CCX and XXI is CLXXXIX.
The difference of two numbers is the value we get when subtracting one number from the other.
CCX = 210
XXI = 21
210 - 21 = 189
189 in Roman Numerals can be written as CLXXXIX.
Write the Roman Numeral for 100 + 89 using the expansion method.
The Roman numeral for 100 + 89 is CLXXXIX.
Step 1: Convert the numbers 100 and 89 into Roman numerals.
100 - C
89 - LXXXIX
Add the numbers together: 100 + 89 = 189.
Using the expansion method: 189 = 100 + 50 + 30 + 9 = CLXXXIX.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.