Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a system for expressing numbers using specific symbols. The symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are used in this system. Roman numerals are often seen in contexts like royal titles, book names, and sequences. Here, we will discuss Roman numerals, their rules, and examples.
Have you noticed the use of Roman numerals in royal titles such as Henry I, Henry II, etc.? These symbols are known as Roman numerals. In ancient times, people used their fingers, sticks, and bones for counting.
As life became more complex, a standardized counting system was needed. The ancient Romans developed the Roman numeral system. The symbols used include I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000).
In Roman numerals, we use CLXXXI to represent 181. Here, C is 100, L is 50, XXX is 30, and I is 1. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules for writing numbers in Roman numerals. Let's discuss some of these rules that need to be remembered.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number, indicating addition. For example, CLXXXI → C + L + X + X + X + I → 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 1 = 181.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
Certain Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times to form larger numbers. For example, XXX → 30 (X is repeated three times).
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a smaller number precedes a larger number, the smaller is subtracted from the larger. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and certain symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we write 8 as VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 181 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods:
In the expansion method, the number is broken down based on place value.
Step 1: Break the number based on place value: 100 + 50 + 30 + 1.
Step 2: Convert each part to Roman numerals:
100 in Roman numerals is C.
50 in Roman numerals is L.
30 in Roman numerals is XXX.
1 in Roman numerals is I.
Step 3: Combine them together: C (100) + L (50) + XXX (30) + I (1) = CLXXXI.
When writing a large number in Roman numerals, we group the number. To write 181, we group it as 100 + 50 + 30 + 1:
100 in Roman numerals is C.
50 in Roman numerals is L.
30 in Roman numerals is XXX.
1 in Roman numerals is I.
So, 181 is written as CLXXXI in Roman numerals.
Mistakes can occur when writing numbers in Roman numerals. Here are some common mistakes and ways to avoid them:
Find the product of XC and II.
The product of XC and II is CLXXX.
In Roman numerals, XC is 90 and II is 2. The product of XC and II is 90 × 2 = 180. 180 in Roman numerals can be written as CLXXX.
A librarian has DLXXXI books and wants to distribute them equally among III students. How many books will each student receive?
Each student will receive CXCI books.
To find the number of books each student receives, we divide the total number of books by the number of students. DLXXXI = 581 and III = 3. Therefore, 581 ÷ 3 = 193. 193 in Roman numerals is CXCIII.
Find the sum of CLXX and XI.
The sum of CLXX and XI is CLXXXI.
The sum is the result of adding two numbers. CLXX = 170 and XI = 11. Therefore, 170 + 11 = 181. 181 in Roman numerals is CLXXXI.
What is the difference between CC and XIX?
The difference between CC and XIX is CLXXXI.
The difference of two numbers is the value we get when subtracting one number from the other. CC = 200 and XIX = 19. Therefore, 200 - 19 = 181. 181 in Roman numerals can be written as CLXXXI.
Write the Roman Numeral for 100 + 81 using the expansion method.
The Roman numeral for 100 + 81 is CLXXXI.
Step 1: First convert the numbers 100 and 81 into Roman numerals.
100 - C
81 - LXXXI
Add the numbers together: 100 + 81 = 181.
Using the expansion method: 181 = 100 + 80 + 1 = CLXXXI.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.