Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. The symbols used are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. Roman Numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and more. Here we will discuss Roman Numerals, their rules, and examples.
You've probably seen royal titles like Henry I, Henry II, and wondered about the symbols (I and II). Those are Roman Numerals.
In ancient times, people counted using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. As societies became more complex, a standard form was required for counting. Ancient Romans used the Roman Numeral system to represent numbers. The symbols used are I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000).
In Roman Numerals, we use LXXVII to represent 77, where L is 50, X is 10, and VII is 7. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules for writing a number in Roman Numerals. Let's discuss some fundamental rules that need to be remembered.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, LXXVII → L + X + X + V + I + I → 50 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 77
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write a larger number, certain Roman Numerals can be repeated up to three times. For example, XX → 20 (X is repeated).
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a smaller number precedes a larger number in Roman Numerals, it is subtracted from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write LL for 100; instead, we use C.
Let’s now learn how to write 77 in Roman Numerals. Follow these methods.
In the expansion method, the number is broken down based on its place value.
To write 77 in Roman Numerals, follow these steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on place value: 77 = 50 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1
Step 2: Convert each number to Roman Numerals:
50 in Roman Numerals — L
10 in Roman Numerals — X
5 in Roman Numerals — V
1 in Roman Numerals — I
Step 3: Combine them:
Therefore, 77 in Roman Numerals is L (50) + X (10) + X (10) + V (5) + I (1) + I (1) = LXXVII
When writing a large number in Roman Numerals, we group the number.
To write 77 in Roman Numerals, we group 77 as 50 + 10 + 10 + 7.
50 in Roman Numerals — L
10 in Roman Numerals — X
7 in Roman Numerals — VII
So, 77 is written as LXXVII in Roman Numerals.
Students might make mistakes when writing numbers in Roman Numerals. Here are common mistakes and ways to avoid them.
A historian is transcribing an ancient document and comes across the numbers LXXVII and XIII. He wants to determine the sum of these two numbers. What is the sum expressed in Roman numerals?
The sum of LXXVII and XIII is XC.
LXXVII = 77
XIII = 13
77 + 13 = 90
90 in Roman numerals is XC.
Thus, the sum of LXXVII and XIII is XC.
A librarian has DXL copies of a rare book and wants to distribute them evenly among LXX students. How many copies will each student receive?
Each student will receive VII copies.
To find out how many copies each student gets, divide the total number of books by the number of students:
DXL = 540
LXX = 70
540 / 70 = 7
7 in Roman numerals is VII.
An archaeologist finds two ancient tablets with the inscriptions LXXVII and XLV. He wants to find the difference between these two numbers. What is the difference in Roman numerals?
The difference between LXXVII and XLV is XXXII.
LXXVII = 77
XLV = 45
77 - 45 = 32
32 in Roman numerals is XXXII.
A mathematician is studying patterns in ancient numbering systems. She writes down the numbers LXXVII and XXIII. What is the product of these two numbers, expressed in Roman numerals?
The product of LXXVII and XXIII is MDCCLXXI.
LXXVII = 77
XXIII = 23
77 × 23 = 1,771
1,771 in Roman numerals is MDCCLXXI.
Convert the expression 50 + 27 into Roman numerals using the expansion method.
The Roman numeral for 50 + 27 is LXXVII.
Step 1: Convert the numbers 50 and 27 into Roman numerals.
50 = L
27 = XXVII
Step 2: Combine the numbers using the expansion method:
50 + 27 = 77
77 in Roman numerals is LXXVII.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.