MCMXXIII in Roman Numerals

Ancient Romans discovered that counting on fingers could get very complicated after 10. To overcome this complexity, the Roman numeric system was developed. This system was widely used throughout Europe as a standard writing system until the late Middle Ages. Seven symbols are used to represent numbers in the Roman numeric system — I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The numerals are made up of different combinations of these symbols. MCMXXIII in Roman numerals can be written in numeric form by adding the values of each Roman numeral, i.e., MCMXXIII = 1923.

Let us learn more about the Roman numeral MCMXXIII, how to write it, the common mistakes we usually make, and ways to avoid these mistakes.

When writing Roman numerals, there are a few rules that we need to follow based on the numerals we are trying to write. In this section, we will learn about the rules when writing Roman numerals and how to represent them.

Rule 1: Addition Method:

When a larger symbol is followed by a smaller symbol, we add the numerals to each other. For example, in VIII, we have 5 + 3 = 8.

Rule 2: Repetition Method:

A symbol repeated up to three times in succession increases the value of the numeral. For example, XXX = 30.

Rule 3: Subtraction Method:

We use the subtraction method when a smaller symbol precedes a larger symbol. For example, XL = 40 (which is 50 – 10).

Rule 4: Limitation Rule:

Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols, such as V, L, and D, cannot be repeated more than once. For example, 10 is represented as X and not VV.

Let us learn how to write MCMXXIII in Roman numerals. There are two methods that we can use to write Roman numerals:

• By Expansion Method
• By Grouping Method

The breaking down of Roman numerals into parts and then converting them into numerals is what we call the expansion method. This involves breaking down the Roman numerals into numerical form and adding them to get the final number.

Step 1: Break the Roman numerals into parts.

Step 2: Now write each of the Roman numerals with its numerical digit in the place value.

Step 3: Add the numerals together.

For MCMXXIII,

Step 1: First, we break the Roman numerals. MCMXXIII = M + CM + X + X + I + I + I

Step 2: Write the Roman numerals for each part. The Roman numeral M is 1000. The Roman numeral CM is 900. The Roman numeral X is 10. The Roman numeral I is 1.

Step 3: Combine all the numbers. M + CM + X + X + I + I + I = 1000 + 900 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 1923. Therefore, the Roman numeral MCMXXIII is 1923.

Using subtraction and addition rules, we will apply the grouping method. This means we break the Roman numerals into smaller groups, which makes them easier to work with. This method groups the Roman numerals logically, and then we write the numbers for each group.

Step 1: Take the largest number and write the number for that Roman numeral.

Step 2: Write the Roman numeral using the subtraction and addition rules.

Example: Let’s take the Roman numeral MCMXXIII.

Step 1: The larger Roman numerals are what we will begin with. Once split, the Roman numerals we get are M, CM, and XXIII. The numeral for M is 1000. The numeral for CM is 900.

Step 2: Now we need to either add or subtract the smaller number, depending on its place.

Here we add XXIII to MCM and we will get MCMXXIII. The Roman numeral XXIII is 23. Therefore, the numeral of MCMXXIII is 1923.

We follow a pattern when it comes to writing Roman numerals. In this section, we will write some numbers related to the Roman numeral MCMXXIII: 

• Limitation Rule: Symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated more than once. For example, 60 is written as LX, not LVV.

• Place Value: The position of a digit in a number; this position determines its value. For example, the number 2 in 23 is in the ten's place.

• Subtraction Method: A smaller numeral placed before a larger numeral indicates subtraction, e.g., IV for 4.

• Repetition Method: A numeral repeated up to three times, e.g., XXX for 30.

• Addition Method: Numerals placed in descending order are added, e.g., VI for 6.