Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will be discussing Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
Royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, use Roman numerals. Have you noticed these symbols (I and II) and wondered what they represent? Those are Roman numerals.
In earlier times, people used fingers, sticks, and bones to count. As life became more complex, a standard form was required for counting. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols used for counting.
In Roman numerals, we use CDXLV to represent 445, where C is 100, D is 500, X is 10, L is 50, and V is 5. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, VI → V + I = 5 + 1 = 6.
To write a larger number, certain Roman numerals can be repeated three times. For example, III = 3.
If a smaller number precedes a larger number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IV → V - I = 5 - 1 = 4.
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write VV for 10; instead, we use X. Similarly, 8 is written as VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 445 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals.
In the expansion method, the number is broken down based on place value. In this section, we will learn how to write 445 in Roman numerals using the expansion method. To write 445 in Roman numerals, follow these steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on place value: hundreds, tens, units, etc. For 445, we write it as 400 + 40 + 5.
Step 2: Convert each number into Roman numerals.
400 in Roman Numerals - CD
40 in Roman Numerals - XL
5 in Roman Numerals - V
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals together. Therefore, 445 in Roman numerals is CD (400) + XL (40) + V (5) = CDXLV.
When writing a number in Roman numerals, we group the number. To write 445 in Roman numerals, we group 445 as 400 + 40 + 5.
So, 445 is written as CDXLV in Roman numerals.
Students make mistakes when writing numbers in Roman numerals. To master Roman numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and ways to avoid them.
A historian finds a document stating the year CDXLV and wants to know how many years ago it was from the current year MMXXIII. Calculate the difference in terms of years.
The document was 1578 years ago.
To find how many years ago the document was, subtract the year CDXLV from MMXXIII.
CDXLV = 445
MMXXIII = 2023
2023 - 445 = 1578
The document was 1578 years ago.
An architect is designing a structure with CDXLV beams, distributed equally among V floors. How many beams will each floor receive?
Each floor will receive LXXXIX beams.
To find the number of beams per floor, divide the total number of beams by the number of floors.
CDXLV = 445
V = 5
445 / 5 = 89 89 in Roman numerals is LXXXIX.
Calculate the total number of coins if a treasure chest contains CCXLV gold coins and CC silver coins.
The total number of coins is CDXLV.
Sum is the result of adding two numbers.
CCXLV = 245
CC = 200
245 + 200 = 445
445 in Roman numerals is CDXLV.
If a runner completes CD miles and needs to cover XLV more to reach the finish line, what is the total distance of the race?
The total distance of the race is CDXLV miles.
The total distance is the sum of the completed distance and the remaining distance.
CD = 400
XLV = 45
400 + 45 = 445
445 in Roman numerals is CDXLV.
Write the Roman Numeral for 400 + 45 using the expansion method.
The Roman numeral for 400 + 45 is CDXLV.
Step 1: Convert the numbers 400 and 45 into Roman numerals.
400 - CD
45 - XLV
Add the numbers together: 400 + 45 = 445 445 in Roman numerals is CDXLV.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.