Classification

In mathematics, classification is a method of sorting objects that have certain properties in common. For example, we classify 3 and 5 under odd numbers because they cannot be completely divided by 2. In this case, the property of not being divisible by 2 is the basis for grouping them. 
 

Classification involves grouping data based on its shared properties. When data is classified, we frequently look for common color, structure, form, or any other feature. For example, grouping ruled books together as one group and unruled books as another. 
On the other hand, sorting is a method of arranging things in order, but it does not necessarily require grouping based on commonly shared features.
 

Classification depends on different parameters. Here, we will now discuss a few such classifications:

Classification Based on Shape

We classify objects into different groups based on their structure or shape. For example, balls, oranges, and globes are classified as spherical objects.

Classification of Objects by Size

We often come across objects being sorted based on their common size or shape. This type of classification enables us to compare different objects based on how wide, tall, or long they are. For example, clothing stores classify dresses as small, medium, large, etc.

Classification of Objects by Color

As we have learned, classification helps us compare and organize objects. One of the easiest ways to do this is by grouping objects based on their color. Different items that share the same color are placed in one group or category. This classification even applies to a variety of objects, like animals, things, or birds, based on their common color.

Classification of Objects by Quantity

A given set of objects can be sorted into different categories based on the total number of items present in each set.

Classification of Numbers 

Numbers can be grouped based on their shared features. Here, you’ll learn how they are classified:

Whole numbers: Whole numbers always start from 0 and extend to positive numbers. For example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…
Natural numbers: Natural numbers include all positive counting numbers. For example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,...

Integers 

All numbers, including negative numbers, zero, and positive numbers, are integers. For example: ..., –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, …

Positive integers: Positive integers consist of only positive numbers such as 1, 2, 3,...
Negative integers: Negative integers are always less than zero, such as –1, –2, –3,...
 

Classification plays a key role in determining the relationship between different objects. We will now learn how they are applied in various real-life situations:

• In libraries, books are sorted based on the different categories they belong to: books by the same author, genre, or subject.

• In clothing stores, clothes are classified according to their sizes or types like small, medium, large, and extra large.

• For traffic control, vehicles are classified according to their size or type. For example, two-wheelers, four-wheelers, and heavy vehicles.

• In waste management, we classify waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable so that it can be easily recycled or managed.

• In supermarkets, groceries are arranged according to their type, like fruits, vegetables, dairy, or frozen products.