MCMXIII Roman Numerals

Ancient Romans discovered that counting fingers could get very complicated after 10. So to overcome the complexity, the Roman numeric system was developed. This was widely used throughout Europe as a standard writing system until the late Middle Ages.

Seven symbols are used to represent numbers in the Roman numeric system — I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. The numerals are made up of different combinations of these symbols. MCMXIII in Roman numerals can be written in number form by adding the values of each Roman numeral, i.e., MCMXIII = 1913.

Let us learn more about the Roman numeral MCMXIII, how we write them, the mistakes we usually make, and ways to avoid these mistakes.

When writing Roman numerals, there are a few rules that we need to follow based on the Roman numerals we are trying to write. In this section, we will learn about the rules when writing Roman numerals and how to represent them.

Rule 1: Addition Method:

When a larger symbol is followed by a smaller symbol, we add the numerals to each other. For example, in VIII, we have 5 + 3 = 8.

Rule 2: Repetition Method:

A symbol that is repeated three times in continuation increases the value of the numeral. For example, XXX = 30.

Rule 3: Subtraction Method:

We use the subtraction method when a larger symbol follows a smaller symbol. For example, XL = 40 (which is 50 – 10).

Rule 4: Limitation Rule:

Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols, such as V, L, and D, cannot be repeated more than once. For example, 10 is represented as X and not VV.

Let us learn about how to write MCMXIII in Roman numerals. There are two methods that we can use to write Roman numerals:

• By Expansion Method
• By Grouping Method

The breaking down of Roman numerals into parts and then converting them into numerals is what we call the expansion method. The expansion method is the breaking down of Roman numerals into numerical form and adding them to get the final number.

For MCMXIII,

Step 1: Break the Roman numerals into parts. MCMXIII = M + CM + X + I + I + I

Step 2: Write the Roman Numerals for each part The Roman Numeral M is 1000 The Roman Numeral CM is 900 The Roman Numeral X is 10 The Roman Numeral I is 1

Step 3: Combine all the numbers M + CM + X + I + I + I = 1000 + 900 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 1913. Therefore, the Roman Numeral MCMXIII is 1913.

Using subtraction and addition rules, we will apply the grouping method. This means we break the Roman numerals into smaller groups, which makes it easier to work with. This method groups the Roman numerals logically, and then we write the numbers for each group.

Example: Let’s take the Roman numeral MCMXIII.

Step 1: The larger Roman numerals are what we will begin with. Once split, the Roman numerals we get are M, CM, X, and III. The numeral for M is 1000 The numeral for CM is 900

Step 2: Now we need to either add or subtract the smaller number, depending on its place. Here we add CM to M and then add X and III. The Roman numeral X is 10 The Roman numeral III is 3 Therefore, the numeral of MCMXIII is 1913.

We follow a pattern when it comes to writing Roman numerals. In this section, we will write some numbers related to the Roman numeral MCMXIII:

• Limitation Rule: There are some symbols that cannot be repeated more than once (V, L, D). For example, LVV for 60 is wrong; the correct answer is LX.
   
• Subtraction Method: A method used in Roman numerals where a smaller numeral is placed before a larger one to indicate subtraction. For example, CM = 900.
   
• Addition Method: A method where Roman numerals are added when a larger numeral is followed by a smaller one. For example, VI = 6.
   
• Prime Number: A number that has only two factors or multiples is called a prime number. For example, 13 is a prime number that has only two factors, 1 and itself.
   
• Place Value: The position of a digit in a number, which determines its value. For example, the number 9 in 1913 is in the hundreds place.