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Last updated on February 21st, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will discuss Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
The royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, use Roman numerals. Have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are the Roman numerals.
Earlier people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. As life became complex, a standard form was required to count. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.
In Roman numerals, we use CLXXXIX to represent 189. Here, C is 100, L is 50, XXX is 30, and IX is 9. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, CLXXX → C + L + XXX → 100 + 50 + 30 = 180.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write a large number, there are certain Roman numerals that can be repeated three times. XXX → 30.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a small number is followed by a larger number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write LL for 100; instead, we use C.
Let’s now learn how to write 189 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals.
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 189 in Roman numerals using the expansion method.
To write 189 in Roman numerals, follow the steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on the place value. Place values are ones, tens, hundreds, etc.
For 189, we write it as 100 + 80 + 9.
Step 2: Converting the number into Roman numerals:
- 100 in Roman Numeral — C
- 80 in Roman Numeral — LXXX
- 9 in Roman Numeral — IX
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals together.
Therefore, 189 in Roman numerals is C (100) + LXXX (80) + IX (9) = CLXXXIX.
Find the product of IX and XXI.
A historian discovered CCCLXXVIII ancient coins divided equally among II archeological sites. Determine how many coins each site receives.
Find the sum of CL and XXXIX.
What is the difference between CCX and XXI?
Write the Roman Numeral for 100 + 89 using the expansion method.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.