Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will be discussing Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
The royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are the Roman numerals. Earlier people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. When life became complex, a standard form was required to count. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.
In Roman numerals, we use CXCIII to represent 193, where C is 100, XC is 90, and III is 3. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, III → I + I + I → 1 + 1 + 1 = 3.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write a large number, there are certain Roman numerals that can be repeated up to three times. III → 3.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a small number is followed by a large number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, XC → C - X → 100 - 10 = 90.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we don't write VV for 10; instead, we use X. For 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 193 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals.
By Expansion Method
By Grouping Method
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 193 in Roman numerals using the expansion method.
To write 193 in Roman numerals, follow these steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on place value. Place values are ones, tens, hundreds, etc.
For 193, we write it as 100 + 90 + 3.
Step 2: Converting the numbers into Roman numerals:
- 100 in Roman numerals — C
- 90 in Roman numerals — XC
- 3 in Roman numerals — III
Step 3: Combining the Roman numerals together:
Therefore, 193 in Roman numerals is C (100) + XC (90) + III (3) = CXCIII.
When writing a large number into Roman numerals, we group the number.
To write 193 in Roman numerals, we group 193 as 100 + 90 + 3:
- 100 in Roman numerals — C
- 90 in Roman numerals — XC
- 3 in Roman numerals — III
So, 193 is written as CXCIII in Roman numerals.
Students make mistakes when writing a number in Roman numerals. To master Roman numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and the ways to avoid them.
A historian is transcribing ancient documents and finds a record stating that a Roman legion had CLXXXIII soldiers and received an additional X soldiers. How many soldiers does the legion have in total now in Roman numerals?
The total number of soldiers is CXCIII.
The original number of soldiers is CLXXXIII, which is 183. They received X more soldiers, which is 10. The total becomes 183 + 10 = 193. Therefore, 193 in Roman numerals is written as CXCIII.
A museum has a collection of statues, and each exhibit hall can display LXXXVII statues. If the museum has a total of CXCIII statues, how many full exhibit halls can be set up?
The number of full exhibit halls is II.
To find the number of full exhibit halls, divide the total number of statues by the capacity of each hall.
CXCIII = 193
LXXXVII = 87
193 / 87 = 2 with a remainder (since only full halls are counted)
Therefore, the number of full exhibit halls is II.
A researcher is studying ancient Roman trade and finds that a merchant had CLXV items and later acquired XXVIII more. What is the new total of the merchant's items in Roman numerals?
The new total of the merchant's items is CXCIII.
The merchant originally had CLXV items, which is 165. After acquiring XXVIII more items, which is 28, the new total is 165 + 28 = 193. Thus, 193 in Roman numerals is CXCIII.
A teacher wants to distribute CXCIII pencils among XX students evenly. How many pencils does each student get?
Each student receives IX pencils.
To find the number of pencils each student gets, divide the total number of pencils by the number of students.
CXCIII = 193
XX = 20
193 / 20 = 9 with a remainder
Therefore, each student receives IX pencils.
A scholar needs to convert the sum of XCVI and XCVII into Roman numerals using the expansion method. What is the result?
The sum of XCVI and XCVII is CXCIII.
Step 1: Convert the numbers XCVI and XCVII into Arabic numerals.
XCVI = 96
XCVII = 97
Step 2: Calculate the sum: 96 + 97 = 193
Step 3: Use the expansion method to write 193 in Roman numerals:
193 = 100 + 90 + 3 = C + XC + III = CXCIII
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.