Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are the way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman Numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and so on. Here we will be discussing Roman Numerals, rules, and examples.
The royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on. Have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented?
Those are the Roman Numerals. Earlier people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. to count earlier. When life became complex, a standard form was required to count. Ancient Romans used the Roman Numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.
In Roman Numerals, we use MMXIII to represent 2013, where MM is 2000, X is 10, and III is 3. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman Numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, XIII → X + I + I + I → 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 13
To write a large number, there are certain Roman Numerals that can be repeated three times. III → 3.
If a small number is followed by a large number in Roman Numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the large number; it is a subtraction method. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write VV for 10; instead, we use X, and for 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 2013 in Roman Numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman Numerals.
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 2013 in Roman numerals using the expansion method.
To write 2013 in Roman Numerals, follow the steps,
Step 1: Break the number based on the place value. Place value that is ones, tens, hundreds, etc.
For 2013, we write it as 2000 + 10 + 3
Step 2: Converting the number into Roman Numerals
2000 in Roman Numeral — MM
10 in Roman Numeral — X
3 in Roman Numeral — III
Step 3: Combining the Roman Numerals together. Therefore, 2013 in Roman Numeral is MM (2000) + X (10) + III (3) = MMXIII
When writing a large number into Roman Numeral, we group the number.
To write 2013 in Roman Numeral, we group 2013 as 2000 + 10 + 3
2000 in Roman Numeral — MM
10 in Roman Numeral — X
3 in Roman Numeral — III
So, 2013 is written as MMXIII in Roman Numerals.
Students make mistakes when writing a number in Roman Numerals. To master Roman Numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and the ways to avoid them.
A historian discovered MMXIII ancient coins and decided to distribute them equally among XIII museums. How many coins will each museum receive?
Each museum will receive CLV coins.
To find the number of coins each museum receives, divide the total coins by the number of museums.
MMXIII = 2013
XIII = 13
2013 / 13 = 155
155 in Roman Numerals is CLV.
If a monument was built in the year MMXIII, how many years have passed since it was built by the year MMXXIII?
The number of years that have passed is X.
To calculate the difference in years, subtract the year the monument was built from the current year.
MMXXIII = 2023
MMXIII = 2013
2023 - 2013 = 10
10 in Roman Numerals is X.
An architect designed a building with MMXIII windows over XLV floors. How many windows, on average, are there per floor?
On average, there are XLV windows per floor.
To find the average number of windows per floor, divide the total number of windows by the number of floors.
MMXIII = 2013
XLV = 45
2013 / 45 ≈ 44.
733 Rounding to the nearest whole number, there are 45 windows per floor.
45 in Roman Numerals is XLV.
A collector has MMXIII stamps and buys CMXCVII more. How many stamps does he have in total?
The collector now has MMMX stamps.
To find the total number of stamps, add the two quantities.
MMXIII = 2013
CMXCVII = 997
2013 + 997 = 3010
3010 in Roman Numerals is MMMX.
A company started in the year MMXIII and celebrated its fifth anniversary in what year? Write the anniversary year in Roman numerals.
The fifth anniversary year is MMXVIII.
To find the anniversary year, add 5 years to the starting year.
MMXIII = 2013
2013 + 5 = 2018
2018 in Roman Numerals is MMXVIII.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.