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Last updated on February 24th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. The symbols used in Roman numerals are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. Roman numerals are often used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and more. Here we will be discussing Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
The royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, use Roman numerals. Have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are Roman numerals. Earlier, people used fingers, sticks, bones, etc., to count. As life became more complex, a standard form was required for counting. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system for this purpose. The symbols I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are used to count.
In Roman numerals, we use CXVI to represent 116, where C is 100, X is 10, V is 5, and I is 1. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules for writing numbers in Roman numerals. Let's discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, in CXVI, C + X + V + I → 100 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 116.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write a large number, certain Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times. For example, III → 3.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a smaller number precedes a larger number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
The symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write VV for 10; instead, we use X, and for 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s learn how to write 116 in Roman numerals using different methods.
In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. Here is how to write 116 in Roman numerals using the expansion method:
Step 1: Break the number based on the place value: 100 + 10 + 5 + 1.
Step 2: Convert each number into Roman numerals:
- 100 in Roman numerals is C.
- 10 in Roman numerals is X.
- 5 in Roman numerals is V.
- 1 in Roman numerals is I.
Step 3: Combine them together:
- Therefore, 116 in Roman numerals is C (100) + X (10) + V (5) + I (1) = CXVI.
When writing a large number in Roman numerals, we group the number. To write 116 in Roman numerals, we group 116 as 100 + 10 + 5 + 1:
- 100 in Roman numerals is C.
- 10 in Roman numerals is X.
- 5 in Roman numerals is V.
- 1 in Roman numerals is I.
So, 116 is written as CXVI in Roman numerals.
A historian found CXVI ancient coins in a vault and wants to distribute them equally among VIII archaeologists. How many coins will each archaeologist receive?
A puzzle requires you to find the sum of LXVIII and XLVIII. What is the result in Roman numerals?
A Roman merchant sold CXVI amphorae of wine, and then he sold another L amphorae. What is the total number of amphorae sold in Roman numerals?
Calculate the difference between CC and LXXXIV in Roman numerals.
Express the sum of CX and VI using the expansion method in Roman numerals.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.