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Last updated on March 28th, 2025
Roman numerals are a method of expressing numbers using specific symbols. The symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are used in this system. Roman numerals are commonly found in royal titles, book names, sequences, and more. Here, we will discuss Roman numerals, their rules, and examples.
Royal titles like Henry I, Henry II, and so on often use Roman numerals. Have you noticed these symbols and wondered what they represented? These are Roman numerals. In ancient times, people used fingers, sticks, bones, etc., for counting. As life became more complex, a standard form of counting was required. Ancient Romans developed the Roman numeral system for this purpose. The symbols I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are used in this system.
In Roman numerals, we use CCCXX to represent 320, where CCC is 300, and XX is 20. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, XX → X + X → 10 + 10 = 20.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
To write larger numbers, certain Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times. CCC → 300.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a smaller number is placed before a larger number, it indicates subtraction. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write LL for 100; instead, we use C.
Let’s now learn how to write 320 in Roman numerals using different methods.
In the expansion method, based on place value, the number is broken down. Here’s how to write 320 in Roman numerals using this method:
Step 1: Break the number based on place value: hundreds, tens, ones.
For 320, we write it as 300 + 20.
Step 2: Convert the numbers into Roman numerals:
- 300 in Roman numerals — CCC
- 20 in Roman numerals — XX
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals together:
- Therefore, 320 in Roman numerals is CCC (300) + XX (20) = CCCXX.
When writing a large number in Roman numerals, we group the number. To write 320 in Roman numerals, we group it as 300 + 20:
- 300 in Roman numerals — CCC
- 20 in Roman numerals — XX
So, 320 is written as CCCXX in Roman numerals.
A historian is cataloging artifacts and finds CCCXX ancient coins. If he wants to distribute these coins equally into X groups, how many coins will each group receive?
Convert the sum of CLX and CLX into Roman numerals.
A collection of paintings is valued at CCCXX gold coins. If each painting is worth XL coins, find the total number of paintings.
What is the difference between CD and CCCXX?
A museum has a total of CCCXX artifacts and wants to organize them into displays of XL artifacts each. How many complete displays can they make?
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.