123 in Roman Numerals

The royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on. Have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are the Roman Numerals. Earlier people used to count using fingers, sticks, bones, etc., to count earlier. When life became complex, a standard form was required to count. Ancient Romans used the Roman Numeral system to count. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.

In Roman Numerals, we use CXXIII to represent 123, where C is 100, X is 10, and I is 1. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
 

There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman Numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.

Rule 1: Addition Method

The addition method is used when the smaller number is placed after the larger number. For example, CXXIII → C + X + X + I + I + I → 100 + 10 + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 123.

Rule 2: Repetition Method

To write a large number, certain Roman Numerals can be repeated up to three times. III → 3.

Rule 3: Subtraction Method

If a small number is followed by a large number in Roman Numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the large number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.

Rule 4: Limitation Rule

Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we won't write VV for 10; instead, we use X, and for 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
 

Let’s now learn how to write 123 in Roman Numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman Numerals.

• By Expansion Method
• By Grouping Method
   

In the expansion method, based on the place value, the number is broken down. In this section, we will learn how to write 123 in Roman numerals using the expansion method.

To write 123 in Roman Numerals, follow the steps:

Step 1: Break the number down based on place value: ones, tens, hundreds, etc.

For 123, we write it as 100 + 20 + 3.

Step 2: Convert the number into Roman Numerals:

100 in Roman Numerals — C
20 in Roman Numerals — XX
3 in Roman Numerals — III

Step 3: Combine the Roman Numerals together:

Therefore, 123 in Roman Numerals is C (100) + XX (20) + III (3) = CXXIII.
 

When writing a large number into Roman Numerals, we group the number.

To write 123 in Roman Numerals, we group 123 as 100 + 20 + 3.

100 in Roman Numerals — C
20 in Roman Numerals — XX
3 in Roman Numerals — III

So, 123 is written as CXXIII in Roman Numerals.

Roman Numerals follow a certain pattern, making them look similar. In this section, we will learn some numbers related to the Roman numeral 123:

• Addition rule: The addition method is used when a large number is followed by a smaller numeral; here, the values are added. For example, CXXIII = C + XX + III = 100 + 20 + 3 = 123.

• Grouping method: Here, the given numbers are grouped based on their place value, and then we convert each group into its Roman numerals. For example, 123 = 100 + 20 + 3 = CXXIII.

• Repetition rule: Certain symbols (I, X, C, M) in the Roman numeric system can be repeated only up to three times. For example, III = 3 (I is repeated three times to represent the number 3).

• Subtraction rule: The subtraction method is used when a smaller numeral precedes a larger numeral. For example, IX = X - I = 10 - 1 = 9.

• Limitation rule: Some symbols, such as V, L, and D, cannot be repeated, and no symbol can be repeated more than three times in succession.