Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a system of expressing numbers using specific symbols. The symbols used are I, V, X, L, C, D, and M. Roman numerals appear in contexts like royal titles, book names, sequences, and more. Here, we will explore Roman numerals, the rules governing them, and examples.
Royal titles such as Henry I, Henry II, etc., often use Roman numerals. These symbols represent numbers. Before Roman numerals, people counted using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. As life became more complex, a standardized form of counting was needed. The ancient Romans developed the Roman numeral system for counting. The symbols I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are used in this system.
In Roman numerals, we use CCLXXXIV to represent 284, where C is 100, L is 50, XXX is 30, and IV is 4. Let’s delve deeper into Roman numerals and their construction.
Certain basic rules guide the writing of numbers in Roman numerals. Below are key rules to remember:
Rule 1: Addition Method
When a smaller numeral is placed after a larger numeral, we add the values. For example, in CCLXXXIV, C + C + L + X + X + X + IV = 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 4 = 284.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
Some Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times. For example, XXX represents 30 (X is repeated three times).
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
When a smaller numeral precedes a larger numeral, we subtract the smaller from the larger. For example, IV = 5 - 1 = 4.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and certain symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we write 80 as LXXX, not LLLLL.
Here’s how to write 284 in Roman numerals using various methods:
In the expansion method, a number is broken down based on place value.
Step 1: Break down 284 as 200 + 80 + 4.
Step 2: Convert each part into Roman numerals:
- 200 in Roman numeral — CC
- 80 in Roman numeral — LXXX
- 4 in Roman numeral — IV
Step 3: Combine them: CCLXXXIV
For large numbers, group them for easier conversion.
To write 284, group it as 200 + 80 + 4.
200 in Roman numeral — CC
80 in Roman numeral — LXXX
4 in Roman numeral — IV
Thus, 284 is written as CCLXXXIV in Roman numerals.
Mistakes are common when writing Roman numerals. Here are a few to avoid:
A historian is cataloging artifacts and finds that there are CCLXXXIV relics in the first chamber and LXXIII relics in the second chamber. What is the total number of relics in both chambers?
The total number of relics in both chambers is CCCLVII.
To find the total number of relics, add the relics in the first chamber to those in the second chamber.
CCLXXXIV = 284
LXXIII = 73
284 + 73 = 357
357 in Roman Numerals is CCCLVII.
An ancient manuscript describes a festival that lasted for CCLXXXIV hours. How many full days did the festival last?
The festival lasted for XI full days.
To find the number of full days, divide the total hours by the number of hours in a day (24).
CCLXXXIV = 284
284 / 24 = 11 remainder 20
11 in Roman numerals is XI.
Therefore, the festival lasted for XI full days.
A vintage clock shows the time as CCLXXXIV minutes past midnight. What is the time in hours and minutes in regular format?
The time is IV hours and XLIV minutes.
To convert minutes to hours and minutes:
CCLXXXIV = 284
284 / 60 = 4 remainder 44
4 hours and 44 minutes
4 in Roman numerals is IV, and 44 is XLIV.
Therefore, the time is IV:XLIV.
A collector has a series of CCLXXXIV rare coins and wants to distribute them equally among IX friends, keeping none for himself. How many coins will each friend receive?
Each friend will receive XXXI coins.
To find the number of coins each friend receives, divide the total number of coins by the number of friends.
CCLXXXIV = 284
IX = 9
284 / 9 = 31 remainder 5
31 in Roman numerals is XXXI.
Therefore, each friend will receive XXXI coins.
Convert the Roman numeral representation of the sum of CCLXXXIV and LIII using the expansion method.
The Roman numeral for the sum is CCCXXXVII.
Step 1: Convert the numbers to Roman numerals:
CCLXXXIV = 284
LIII = 53
Step 2: Add the numbers together:
284 + 53 = 337
Step 3: Expand the number:
337 = 300 + 30 + 7 = CCC + XXX + VII = CCCXXXVII
Therefore, the Roman numeral is CCCXXXVII.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.