Last updated on May 26th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are the symbols we use. Roman numerals are used in royal titles, book names, sequences, and more. Here we will be discussing Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
In royal titles, such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, Roman numerals are used to denote order. Have you noticed the names and wondered what these symbols (I and II) represented? Those are Roman numerals.
Earlier, people used fingers, sticks, bones, etc., to count. When life became more complex, a standard form was required for counting. Ancient Romans used the Roman numeral system for this purpose. I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are the symbols we use to count.
In Roman numerals, we use CDL VIII to represent 458. C is 100, D is 500, L is 50, and VIII is 8. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how to write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman numerals. In this section, let’s discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, VIII → V + III → 5 + 3 = 8
To write a larger number, certain Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times. III → 3.
If a smaller number precedes a larger number in Roman numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, XL → L - X → 50 - 10 = 40
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, 20 is written as XX, not VVVV.
Let’s now learn how to write 458 in Roman numerals. Follow these methods to write the number in Roman numerals:
In the expansion method, the number is broken down based on place value. Here, we will learn how to write 458 in Roman numerals using the expansion method. To write 458 in Roman numerals, follow these steps:
Step 1: Break the number based on place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.). For 458, we write it as 400 + 50 + 8.
Step 2: Convert each part into Roman numerals: 400 in Roman numerals — CD 50 in Roman numerals — L 8 in Roman numerals — VIII
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals together. Therefore, 458 in Roman numerals is CD (400) + L (50) + VIII (8) = CDLVIII
When writing a large number into Roman numerals, we group the number. To write 458 in Roman numerals, we group it as 400 + 50 + 8.
So, 458 is written as CDLVIII in Roman numerals.
Students often make mistakes when writing numbers in Roman numerals. To master Roman numerals, we can learn a few common mistakes and ways to avoid them.
Calculate the sum of CDL and VIII.
The sum of CDL and VIII is CDLVIII.
In Roman numerals, CDL is 450 and VIII is 8.
Adding them gives 450 + 8 = 458.
In Roman numerals, 458 is written as CDLVIII.
A historian finds a scroll dated CD years ago, and another scroll dated LVIII years ago. How many years ago was the older scroll compared to the more recent one?
The older scroll is CCCXLII years older.
CD is 400 and LVIII is 58.
The difference between the two dates is 400 - 58 = 342.
In Roman numerals, 342 is written as CCCXLII, meaning the older scroll is CCCXLII years older.
A museum received a donation of CDXLII artifacts and later acquired XVI more. What is the total number of artifacts in Roman numerals?
The total number of artifacts is CDLVIII.
Initially, there are CDXLII artifacts, which is 442.
Adding XVI (16) gives 442 + 16 = 458.
In Roman numerals, 458 is written as CDLVIII.
If a library categorizes books into sections of XLV each, how many complete sections can they form with MXL books?
The library can form XXIII complete sections.
MXL is 1040.
Dividing 1040 by 45 (XLV), we get
1040 ÷ 45 = 23 complete sections.
In Roman numerals, 23 is written as XXIII.
Express the number 458 using Roman numerals by breaking it down into its components.
The number 458 in Roman numerals is CDLVIII.
To express 458 in Roman numerals, break it down: 400 + 50 + 8.
In Roman numerals, 400 is CD, 50 is L, and 8 is VIII.
Combine them to get CDLVIII.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.