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Last updated on February 24th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. The symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, and M represent specific values. Roman numerals are used in various contexts such as royal titles, book chapters, and sequences. Here we will discuss Roman numerals, rules, and examples.
Royal titles often use Roman numerals, for instance, Henry I, Henry II, etc. These symbols (I and II) are Roman numerals. Ancient people initially counted with fingers, sticks, and bones, but as life became more complex, a standard system was needed. Ancient Romans developed the Roman numeral system to meet this need. The symbols include I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000).
In Roman numerals, we use LXIX to represent 69, where L is 50, X is 10, and IX is 9. Let’s learn more about Roman numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules for writing numbers in Roman numerals. In this section, we’ll discuss some essential rules for writing numbers in Roman numerals.
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, LX → L + X → 50 + 10 = 60.
Certain Roman numerals can be repeated up to three times to represent numbers. For example, XXX → 30.
When a smaller number precedes a larger number, it is subtracted from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we don't write LL for 100; instead, we use C.
Let’s now learn how to write 69 in Roman numerals using different methods.
In the expansion method, numbers are broken down based on place value. Here’s how to write 69 using this method:
Step 1: Break down the number based on place value (tens, ones, etc.).
For 69, write it as 50 + 10 + 9.
Step 2: Convert each component to Roman numerals.
50 in Roman numerals — L
10 in Roman numerals — X
9 in Roman numerals — IX
Step 3: Combine the Roman numerals.
Therefore, 69 in Roman numerals is L (50) + X (10) + IX (9) = LXIX.
When writing a large number in Roman numerals, we group the number. For 69, we group it as 50 + 10 + 9.
50 in Roman numerals — L
10 in Roman numerals — X
9 in Roman numerals — IX
So, 69 is written as LXIX in Roman numerals.
A historian finds that a manuscript contains LXIX ancient coins, and they need to distribute these coins among III archaeologists. How many coins does each archaeologist receive?
Calculate the result of multiplying the Roman numerals XIII and V.
A collector has CXXIX rare stamps and decides to add LXIX more to his collection. How many stamps does he have now?
If a student subtracts XXVII from LXIX, what is the resulting Roman numeral?
Write the Roman numeral for 45 + 24 using the expansion method.
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.