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Last updated on February 24th, 2025
Roman numerals are a way of expressing numbers using symbols. The symbols I, V, X, L, C, D, and M are used. Roman Numerals are found in royal titles, book names, sequences, and more. Here, we will discuss Roman Numerals, their rules, and examples.
Royal titles such as Henry I, Henry II, and so on, use Roman Numerals (I and II). These symbols represent numbers. In ancient times, people counted using fingers, sticks, bones, etc. As life grew more complex, a standardized form of counting was needed, and the Ancient Romans developed the Roman Numeral system. The symbols I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500), and M (1000) are used.
In Roman Numerals, we use CXI to represent 111, where C is 100, X is 10, and I is 1. Let’s learn more about Roman Numerals and how we write them.
There are certain basic rules to write a number in Roman Numerals. Let's discuss some basic rules that need to be remembered when writing a number in Roman numerals.
Rule 1: Addition Method
The addition method is used when a smaller number is placed after a larger number. For example, CXI → C + X + I → 100 + 10 + 1 = 111.
Rule 2: Repetition Method
Some Roman Numerals can be repeated up to three times. For example, III → 3.
Rule 3: Subtraction Method
If a smaller number is placed before a larger number in Roman Numerals, we subtract the smaller number from the larger number. For example, IX → X - I → 10 - 1 = 9.
Rule 4: Limitation Rule
Symbols cannot be repeated more than three times, and some symbols like V, L, and D cannot be repeated. For example, we don't write VV for 10; instead, we use X. For 8, we write VIII, not IIIIIIII.
Let’s now learn how to write 111 in Roman Numerals using different methods.
In the expansion method, the number is broken down based on place value. Follow these steps to write 111 in Roman Numerals:
Step 1: Break down the number based on place value: 100 + 10 + 1.
Step 2: Convert each part into Roman Numerals:
- 100 in Roman Numerals — C
- 10 in Roman Numerals — X
- 1 in Roman Numerals — I
Step 3: Combine the Roman Numerals: C (100) + X (10) + I (1) = CXI.
When writing a number in Roman Numerals, we can group the numbers. For 111, we group it as 100 + 10 + 1.
- 100 in Roman Numerals — C
- 10 in Roman Numerals — X
- 1 in Roman Numerals — I
Therefore, 111 is written as CXI in Roman Numerals.
A historian discovers a tomb containing a collection of relics dated to the year CXI. If the historian finds X more relics, what is the total number of relics?
An archaeologist catalogues artifacts from two sites. Site A has LVI artifacts, and Site B has LV artifacts. How many artifacts are there in total?
A library has a collection of CLXII manuscripts. They decide to donate LI manuscripts to a museum. How many manuscripts remain in the library?
A puzzle contains a sequence of numbers in Roman numerals: C, XC, and XX. What is the sum of these numbers?
A treasure map indicates three locations marked with the values XL, XL, and XXXI in Roman numerals. What is the combined value of these locations?
Hiralee Lalitkumar Makwana has almost two years of teaching experience. She is a number ninja as she loves numbers. Her interest in numbers can be seen in the way she cracks math puzzles and hidden patterns.
: She loves to read number jokes and games.